The Olympic Games
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1.Pelops myth
There are several Greek myths about how the games were started. The most common myth was the story of the hero Pelops, after whom the Peloponnese is named ("Pelops’ isle"). The story of Pelops was displayed prominently on the east pedimental sculptures of the Temple of Zeus. Pelops was a prince from Lydia in Asia Minor who sought the hand of Hippodamia, the daughter of King Oinomaos of Pisa. Oinomaos challenged his daughter's suitors to a chariot race under the guarantee that any young man who won the chariot race could have Hippodamia as a wife. Any young man who lost the race would be beheaded, and the heads would be used as decoration for the palace of Oinomaos. With the help of his charioteer Myrtilos, Pelops devised a plan to beat Oinomaos in the chariot race. Pelops and Myrtilos secretly replaced the bronze linchpins of the King's chariot with linchpins made of wax. When Oinomaos was about to pass Pelops in the chariot race, the wax melted and Oinomaos was thrown to his death. Pelops married Hippodamia and instituted the Olympic games to celebrate his victory. A different version of the myth refers to the Olympic games as funeral games in the memory of Oinomaos.
Picture http://www.answers.com /29.01
Text http://www.nostos.com /29.01
Hercules (Herakles) myth
Another myth about the origin of the Olympic Games comes from the Tenth Olympian Ode of the poet Pindar. He tells the story of how Herakles, on his fifth labor, had to clean the stables of King Augeas of Elis. Herakles approached Augeas and promised to clean the stables for the price of one-tenth of the king's cattle. Augeas agreed, and Herakles rerouted the Kladeos and Alpheos rivers to flow through the stables. Augeas did not fulfill his promise, however, and after Herakles had finished his labors he returned to Elis and waged war on Augeas. Herakles sacked the city of Elis and instituted the Olympic Games in honor of his father, Zeus. It is said that Herakles taught men how to wrestle and measured out the stadium, or the length of the footrace.
Text http://www.nostos.com /29.01
Picture http://ancienthistory.about.com /29.01
2.Olympic symbol, motto and flag
The Olympic symbols are the icons, flags and symbols used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the Olympic Games Some—such as the flame, fanfare, and theme—are more common during Olympic competition, but others, such as the flag, can be seen throughout the year.
The Olympic motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius.This means Swifter, Higher, Stronger. The motto was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin on the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. The motto was introduced in 1924 at the Olympic Games in Paris.
The flag of the Olympic Games is composed of five interlocking rings, colored blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field. These five rings represent the five continents of the world: America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Also every country has at least one colour from the Olympic circles in it’s flag.
Text and photo http://en.wikipedia.org /29.01
3.First women who took part modern Olympic games
First women who took part modern Olympic games was Fanny Blanker Koen. Olympic events for women made their first appearance in 1912. A separate series of winter Olympic meets, inaugurated (1924) at Chamonix, France, now includes ice hockey, curling, bobsledding, luge, skeleton, and skiing, snowboarding, and skating events. Since 1994 the winter games have been held in even-numbered years in which the summer games are not contested. Until late in the 20th cent. the modern Olympics were open only to amateurs, but the governing bodies of several sports now permit professionals to compete as well.
Also Fanny Blanker Koen is chosen century athletic with Carl Lewis.
Text http://www.epl.ee and http://www.solarnavigator.net /30.01
Picture http://www.solarnavigator.net /30.01
4.Why aren’t the Winter Olympic Games held in leap years now?
Winter Olympic Games and summer Olympic Games are not at the same time, because then would be all competitions at the same year. Now are all World Championships, Europe Championships, summer Olympic Games and winter Olympic Games in different year.
Text http://en.wikipedia.org /31.01
Picture http://www.eok.ee/olympiamangud /31.01
The principles of the modern Olympic movement
The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practised without discrimination or any kind, in a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.
The Olympic Movement is defined also by the numerous activities in which it engages, such as:
• Promoting sport and competitions through the intermediary of national and international sports institutions worldwide.
• Cooperation with public and private organisations to place sport at the service of mankind.
• Assistance to develop "Sport for All".
• Advancement of women in sport at all levels and in all structures, with a view to achieving equality between men and women. Help in the development of sport for all.
• Opposition to all forms of commercial exploitation of sport and athletes.
• The fight against doping.
• Promoting sports ethics and fair play.
• Raising awareness of environmental problems.
• Financial and educational support for developing countries through the IOC institution Olympic Solidarity.
Text http://www.olympic.org /31.01
Picture http://images.google.ee /31.01
6.When have the modern Olympic Games been cancelled and why?
The modern Olympic Games have been cancelled in 1916, 1940 and 1944, because then were World War I and II.
Text http://kiat.net /30.01
Picture http://www.solarnavigator.net /30.01
7.Types of Olympic Games
Types of Olympic Games
• Winter Olympic Games
• Summer Olympic Games
• Paralympic Games
First Paralympic Games took place 1968, Chicago. Physical education teacher with the Chicago Park District, began with the idea for a one-time Olympic-style athletic competition for people with special needs.
The first International Special Olympics Winter Games were held in February 1977 in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA.
The crowd at the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games Opening Ceremonies in Croke Park, Dublin, Ireland.
Text and picture http://en.wikipedia.org /31.01
8.Winter Olympic Games in 2010
The next Winter Olympic Games will be in Vancouver, Canada. It is named for British Captain George Vancouver, who explored the area in the 1790s. Vancouver ranks third largest in the country and the city proper ranks eighth. According to the 2006 census Vancouver had a population of just over 578,000.
Motto: "By Sea, Land, and Air We Prosper"
In this picture we can see where Vancouver is.
Coat of arms
Flag of Vancouver
Text and pictures http://en.wikipedia.org /30.01
9.Olympic Games in 1936 and 1972
In 1936 Kristjan Palusalu won two gold medals. These medals were the first ones to Estonia. Estonians didn’t have any Olympic medals before. Kristjan Palusalu competed wrestling free style and wrestling greco-roman, weight grading 87+.
Olympic Games in 1972 became The Horror Games.
Munich adorned its best finery to welcome the Games of the 20th Olympiad being staged between 26 August - 11 September. The Bavarian capital, which would host 121 countries represented by 7,123 athletes - a new record in itself - was eager to erase the bad impression left on the country following the propaganda-driven Olympiad held in Berlin 36 years previously.
However, the madness of certain individuals six days before the end of the Games was not something the organizers had anticipated. On the morning of September 5, an eight-strong unit of Palestinian gunmen calling themselves the "Black September" movement stormed the Israeli compound in the Olympic village demanding the release of 200 Palestinian prisoners being held in Israel.
Subsequently, the tally of dead left by a shoot-out at a local airport numbered 18 (11 Israelis, five of the eight Palestinians, a German policeman and a helicopter pilot). The Games were temporarily suspended while negotiations took place.
Despite the tragedy, IOC president Avery Brundage declared "The Games must go on", following a 34-hour interruption. The Games continued, and a procession in the stadium attracted 80,00 people who came to pay their respects to the unfortunate victims.
Text http://kiat.net /31.01
Picture http://www.varbla.ee/ul/Kristjan_Palusalu.jpg /31.01
10. History of marathon
Ancient Olympic Games
The name Marathon comes from the legend of Pheidippides, a Greek messenger. The legend states that he was sent from the battlefield of Marathon to Athens to announce that the Persians had been defeated in the Battle of Marathon (in which he had just fought), which took place in August or September, 490 BC. It is said that he ran the entire distance without stopping and burst into the assembly, exclaiming "Νενικήκαμεν" (Nenikékamen, 'We have won.') before collapsing and dying.
Modern Olympic Games
When the idea of a modern Olympics became a reality at the end of the 19th century, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the ancient glory of Greece. The idea of organizing a marathon race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted the event to feature in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as the Greeks. The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon on March 10, 1896 that was won by Charilaos Vasilakos in 3 hours and 18 minutes (with the future winner of the introductory Olympic Games marathon coming in fifth). The winner of the first Olympic Marathon, on April 10, 1896 (a male-only race), was Spiridon "Spiros" Louis, a Greek water-carrier. He won at the Olympics in 2 hours 58 minutes and 50 seconds.
The Olympic men's record is 2:06:32, set at the 2008 Summer Olympics by Samuel Kamau Wanjiru of Kenya. The Olympic women's record is 2:23:14, set at the 2000 Summer Olympics by Naoko Takahashi of Japan.
At 28 September 2008 men's world record is 2:03:59 (Haile Gebrselassie, the Berlin Marathon, 28/09/2008) and the women's world record 2:15:25 (Paula Radcliffe, the London Marathon, 13/04/2003).
Text http://et.wikipedia.org and http://en.wikipedia.org /31.01
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